Volume 63, Issue 8 p. 2624-2644
REVIEW ARTICLE

Waste material fly ash as an alternative filler for elastomers

Hassarutai Yangthong

Hassarutai Yangthong

Specialized Center of Rubber and Polymer Materials in Agriculture and Industry (RPM), Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand

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Kwanchai Buaksuntear

Kwanchai Buaksuntear

Specialized Center of Rubber and Polymer Materials in Agriculture and Industry (RPM), Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand

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Supitta Suethao

Supitta Suethao

Specialized Center of Rubber and Polymer Materials in Agriculture and Industry (RPM), Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand

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Arkadiusz Chworos

Arkadiusz Chworos

Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland

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Wirasak Smitthipong

Corresponding Author

Wirasak Smitthipong

Specialized Center of Rubber and Polymer Materials in Agriculture and Industry (RPM), Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand

Office of Research Integration on Target-Based Natural Rubber, National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT), Bangkok, Thailand

Correspondence

Wirasak Smitthipong, Specialized Center of Rubber and Polymer Materials in Agriculture and Industry (RPM), Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.

Email: [email protected]

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First published: 16 June 2023
Citations: 1

Abstract

Fly ash (FA), a by-product of the power generation industry, can potentially be used as a filler in polymer products. Particularly, FA has been investigated as an alternative filler to partially or fully replace commercial fillers in polymer composites. This mini-review discusses the fundamental properties of FA, environmental pollution from commercial fillers, and the performance of FA in polymers. The properties of FA-loaded polymer composites are discussed, including the morphological, rheological, mechanical, and thermal properties. This review highlights the potential methods and challenges for substituting, or replacing, commercial fillers in various polymers such as natural rubber (NR), epoxidized NR, epoxy, styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), NR/SBR blends, polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyester.

DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT

Data available on request from the authors